12. Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Autism

Pasiali, V. (2004).

Article Number: ASD1
Author: Pasiali, Varvara
Title: The Use of Prescriptive Therapeutic Songs in a Home-Based Environment to Promote Social Skills Acquisition by Children with Autism: Three Case Studies
Reference: Music Therapy Perspectives 22:1 (2004) p.11-20
Abstract: A study is presented that investigated the effect of prescriptive therapeutic songs on promoting social skills acquisition by children who have autism. Participants were three children with autism. The research created an individualized song for each participant, the purpose of which was to decrease an undesirable behavior identified by the parents. The researcher developed the lyrics of each song by following the current guidelines for writing the text of "social stories," a strategy developed by special educators for modifying problematic behaviors of children with autism. The adapted lyrics were than set to the tune of a favorite [song] of the child. The song intervention was implemented during the treatment phases of the ARAB reversal design. The results are not conclusive, but there is some indication that prescriptive songs are a viable intervention with children who have autism.
Document type: Research and Analysis
Special Features: Graphs, References, Tables
Broad subject: Music and Other Disciplines
Topics: Behavioral Psychology; Autism; Statistical Analysis; Music Therapy
Publisher: American Music Therapy Association
ISSN: 0734-6875
ProQuest Document ID: 1371259
Document URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1371259?accountid=8581
Last updated: 2010-12-24
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Kern, P., Wakeford, L., & Aldridge, D. (2007)

Article Number: ASD2
Author: Kern, Petra; Wakeford, Linn; Aldridge, David
Title: Improving the Performance of a Young Child with Autism during Self-Care Tasks Using Embedded Song Interventions: A Case Study
Reference: Music Therapy Perspectives 25:1 (2007) p.43-51
Abstract: The authors report on a case study that investigated the effectiveness of adding songs embedded in ongoing classroom routines as structural prompts to increase the independence of a three-year-old boy with autism during multi-step self-care tasks. Effectiveness of musical versus verbal presentations of task sequences were compared, with the teacher embedding both forms of the presented sequencing in the ongoing classroom routines. Results indicate that the implementation of both forms of intervention were successful in increasing the child's independent performance for each task, though task-specific differences were noted.
Document type: Research and Analysis
Special Features: Musical Scores, References, Graphs, Tables
Broad subject: Music Education; Music and Other Disciplines
Topics: Autism; Children; Case Studies; Music Therapists; Songs; Classroom Activities; Teaching Methods
Publisher: American Music Therapy Association
ISSN: 0734-6875
ProQuest Document ID: 1372555
Full Text URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1372555?accountid=8581
Last updated: 2010-12-24
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Whipple, J. (2004).

Article Number: ASD3
Author: Whipple, Jennifer
Title: Music in Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Autism: A Meta-Analysis
Reference: Journal of Music Therapy 41:2 (Summer 2004) p.90
Abstract: This meta-analysis of 12 dependent variables from 9 quantitative studies comparing music to no-music conditions during treatment of children and adolescents with autism resulted in an overall effect size of d =.77 and a mean weighted correlation of r =.36 (p =.00). Since the confidence interval did not include 0, results were considered to be significant. All effects were in a positive direction, indicating benefits of the use of music in intervention. The homogeneity Q value was not significant (p =.83); therefore, results of included studies are considered to be homogeneous and explained by the overall effect size. The significant effect size, combined with the homogeneity of the studies, leads to the conclusion that all music intervention, regardless of purpose or implementation, has been effective for children and adolescents with autism.
Topics: Autism; Children; Case Studies; Music therapists; Cognition Disorders
Publisher: American Music Therapy Association
ISSN: 0022-2917
ProQuest Document ID: 1096825
Full Text URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1096825?accountid=8581
Last updated: 2010-09-23
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Kern, P., & Aldridge, D. (2006).

Article Number: ASD4
Author: Kern, Petra; Aldridge, David
Title: Using Embedded Music Therapy Interventions to Support Outdoor Play of Young Children with Autism in an Inclusive Community-Based Child Care Program
Reference: Journal of Music Therapy 43:4 (Winter 2006) p.270-294
Abstract: For young children with autism enrolled in community-based inclusive child care programs, outdoor play can be a major challenge. A music therapy intervention attempted to improve peer interactions and meaningful play on the playground for four boys with autism by adding an outdoor music center and using original songs composed for each participant. A collaborative approach was used to support the implementation of the intervention by the children's teachers, engaging classroom peers as formal and informal helpers. The effects of the interventions were examined using a multiple baseline design with four conditions replicated across the four children.
Broad subject: Music and Other Disciplines
Topics: Music Therapy; Autism; Preschool Children; Play Songs; Teaching Methods; Case studies; Analysis; Social Interactionism
Publisher: American Music Therapy Association
ISSN: 0022-2917
ProQuest Document ID: 1097377
Document URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1097377?accountid=8581
Last updated 2010-12-24
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Kern, P., Wolery, M., & Aldridge, D. (2006).

Article Number: ASD5
Author: Kern, Petra; Wolery, Mark; Aldridge, David
Title: Use of Songs to Promote Independence in Morning Greeting Routines For Young Children With Autism
Reference: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Volume 37, Number 7, 1264-1271
Abstract:This study evaluated the effects of individually composed songs on the independent behaviors of two young children with autism during the morning greeting/entry routine into their inclusive classrooms. A music therapist composed a song for each child related to the steps of the morning greeting routine and taught the children’s teachers to sing the songs during the routine. The effects were evaluated using a single subject withdrawal design. The results indicate that the songs, with modifications for one child, assisted the children in entering the classroom, greeting the teacher and/or peers and engaging in play. For one child, the number of peers who greeted him was also measured, and increased when the song was used.
Keywords: Music Therapy - Child Care Program - Inclusion - Autism - Transitioning - Collaborative Consultation
Publisher:Springer Netherlands
ISSN: 0162-3257
EBSCO Accession Number: EJ771532
Full Text URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ771532&site=ehost-live
Database: ERIC

Douglass, E. T. (2002).

Article Number: ASD6
Author: Douglass, Elizabeth T
Title: The Development of a Music Therapy Assessment Tool for Hospitalized Children
Reference: Music Therapy Perspectives 24:2 (2006) p.73-79
Abstract: An essay is presented that highlights the development of a music therapy assessment form for use with hospitalized children. Assessment is an important aspect of the music therapy process because it helps the therapist to identify patient needs, communicates to other parties the rationale for music therapy treatment, and guides the choice of objectives and the ongoing evaluation of treatment benefits. The steps taken to develop the assessment tool are described, including determining the needs of the target population, examining existing assessment tools used by music therapy professionals, determining format and content, piloting the form with patients and revising initial drafts based on feedback, and determining the validity and reliability of the form.
Topics: Music Therapy; Children; Medical Treatment; Assessment; Methodology; Analysis
Publisher: American Music Therapy Association
ISSN: 0734-6875
ProQuest Document ID: 1371829
Document URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1371829?accountid=8581
Last updated: 2010-09-23
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Overy, K., & Molnar-Szakacs, I. (2009).

Article Number: CD1
Author: Overy, Katie; Molnar-Szakacs, Istvan
Title: Being Together in Time: Musical Experience and the Mirror Neuron System
Reference: Music Perception 26:5 (June 2009) p.489-504
Abstract: A paper based on a presentation given at a workshop on musical movement and synchronization held at the Max-Planck-Institut in Leipzig, Germany, on May 3-4, 2008, is offered. The authors review research into the mirror neuron system and its potential role in human communication and empathy. They outline their model of musical experience: Shared Affective Motion Experience (SAFE) and suggest that imitation, synchronization, and shared experience may be key aspects of human musical behavior. They may therefore be key to special education and music therapy. Two small-scale studies of the potential of music to support language skills are cited, and the role of music therapy in autism is considered.
Document type: Conference Paper
Special Features: References
Broad subject: Theory/Analysis/Composition
Topics: Music Perception; Language; Autism; Models; Music Therapy; Special Education; Synchronization; Neurobiology; Emotional Responses
Organization: Max-Planck-Institut
Publisher: University of California Press
ISSN: 0730-7829
ProQuest Document ID: 1368875
Full Text URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1368875?accountid=8581
Last updated: 2010-09-24
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Perry, M. M. (2003).

Article Number: CD2
Author: Perry, Mary M Rainey
Title: Relating Improvisational Music Therapy with Severely and Multiply Disabled Children to Communication Development
Reference: Journal of Music Therapy 40:3 (Fall 2003) p.227-246
Abstract: The particular influences of disability of musical interaction with children who have preintentional and early intentional communication were explored. Analysis of video recordings and other data confirmed that the children's level of communication development was reflected in individual music therapy. Both turn taking and playing and singing together were found to be important forms of communication during music therapy. Communication problems related to disability included difficulties in using objects as a focus of joint attention, difficulties in interpreting the interactive environment, being sufficiently motivated to communicate, severely limited means of interaction, attaining and maintaining an appropriate level of arousal, and lack of interest in interaction and the outside environment.
Document type: Research and Analysis
Special Features: References, Tables
Broad subject: Music and Other Disciplines
Topics: Music Therapy; Disabilities; Children; Communication; Influences
Publisher: American Music Therapy Association
ISSN: 0022-2917
ProQuest Document ID: 1096622
Full Text URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1096622?accountid=8581
Last updated: 2010-09-23
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

McCarthy, J., Geist, K., Zojwala, R., & Schock, M. Z. (2008).

Article Number: CD3
Author: McCarthy, John; Geist, Kamile; Zojwala, Rashida; Schock, Molly Z
Title: A Survey of Music Therapists' Work with Speech-Language Pathologists and Experiences with Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Reference: Journal of Music Therapy 45:4 (Winter 2008) p.405-426
Abstract: Using an Internet-based tool, Board Certified Music Therapists were surveyed regarding their work with speech-language pathologists (SLP) and experiences with augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Specifically, participants were asked about: (1) demographics; (2) populations worked with professionally; (3) past and present work with speech-language pathologists; (4) goals addressed; (5) benefits and challenges encountered; and (6) work with AAC. The survey responses indicated that the majority of participants (73.6%) had worked with SLPs at some point in various roles and in various settings. Sharing knowledge was reported as a top benefit of working with SLPs, and scheduling was reported as the most frequent challenge.
Document type: Research and Analysis
Special Features: Graphs, Tables, References
Broad subject: Music and Other Disciplines
Topics: Pathology; Speech Therapy; Polls and Surveys; Communication; Statistical Analysis; Music Therapists
Publisher: American Music Therapy Association
ISSN: 0022-2917
ProQuest Document ID: 1101171
Document URL: http://catalog.berklee.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1101171?accountid=8581
Last updated: 2010-09-23
Database: International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Asperger Syndrome

Rett Syndrome

Bergstrom-Isacsson, M., Julu, P. O., & Witt-Engerstrom, I. (2007).

Article Number: ASR1
Author: Bergstrom-Isacsson, M., Julu, P O, & Witt-Engerstrom, I.
Title: Autonomic responses to music and vibroacoustic therapy in Rett syndrome: a controlled within-subject study.
Reference: Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 16, 1. (2007) p.42(18). Abstract: We investigated the influence of music and vibroacoustic therapy (VT) on the autonomic nervous system in persons with Rett syndrome (RTT) at the Swedish Rett Centre in Ostersund because professionals and families alike often claim that music plays a very important role in the lives of these people. The families even claim that they sometimes use music as "medicine" to calm down the Rett persons when nothing else seems to help. We studied 21 persons with RTT in the years 2003 and 2004. These were patients coming to the Rett Centre for routine brainstem assessment. The control status was the subject's own baseline autonomic function during rest. Subjects were stimulated using horn music, calming and activating music, then VT and VT with calming music embedded in it. The results show that it was possible to measure responses to music and VT within this group. These responses were unique for different stimuli. The horn music caused physiological arousal, activating music caused sympathetic response, and calming music caused parasympathetic response in our subjects. We also learned that observation of behaviours alone might be misleading and may not represent the autonomic responses accurately. It was also impossible to predict responses to different kinds of music. For example, each patient had different and unique calming music.
Document type: Research and clinical report
'Related subjects: Music therapy; Reaction time (Psychology); Rett Syndrome (Care and treatment)
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
ISSN: 0809-8131
Full Text URL: http://bit.ly/AutismMT
Database: Health Reference Center Academic